Efecto del Anestésico local con Vasoconstrictor sobre la glucemia de pacientes diabéticos bajo terapia periodontal

Maria de los A. Salas P., Arantxa Z. Rivas D., Belkis J. Quiñonez M., Susana Arteaga A.

Resumen


Los anestésicos locales son utilizados para controlar el dolor durante la atención de pacientes odontológicos, generalmente combinados con vasoconstrictores. A pesar de las ventajas de este método en algunos pacientes, el vasoconstrictor está contraindicado. Los pacientes diabéticos presentan patologías bucales como la enfermedad periodontal, cuyo tratamiento puede requerir anestesia local. Debido a que existen controversias en la literatura científica, se plantea evaluar el efecto del anestésico local con vasoconstrictor sobre los niveles de glucemia en pacientes diabéticos controlados sometidos a terapia periodontal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 36 pacientes, 18 sistémicamente sanos, 7 diabéticos tipo 1 (DM1) y 11 diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2). Se evaluaron los niveles de glucemia al inicio de la consulta, antes de la aplicación del anestésico local lidocaína al 2% con epinefrina 1:80.000 y 20 minutos después, a través de una muestra de sangre capilar utilizando el glucómetro SUMASENSOR SXT®. Los pacientes fueron atendidos en la Cátedra de Periodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Los Andes y en el Servicio de Odontología de la Alcaldía del Municipio Libertador, estado Mérida. Los resultados mostraron diferencia significativa entre los niveles de glucemia de los pacientes sistémicamente sanos, DM1 y DM2 en los tres momentos de evaluación (Prueba Kruskal Wallis p0,05). Se concluye que la administración de lidocaína al 2% con epinefrina 1:80.000 no modifica significativamente la glucemia de pacientes diabéticos controlados.

Palabras clave


anestésicos locales; vasoconstrictores; diabetes mellitus; glucemia; enfermedades periodontales

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