EL IMPACTO DEL USO DE CHATGPT EN EL DESARROLLO DEL PENSAMIENTO CRÍTICO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS: UN ANÁLISIS MULTIVARIANTE
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación analiza el impacto del uso de ChatGPT en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes del Programa de Inteligencia Artificial Estratégica, Social y Solidaria (PIAESS) de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), México. El objetivo principal es comprender cómo esta herramienta digital incide en los componentes del pensamiento crítico. Para ello, se aplicaron 150 cuestionarios a estudiantes participantes del programa, los cuales fueron examinados bajo la técnica estadística de componentes principales con el propósito de identificar patrones en seis dimensiones. Los resultados muestran que el uso de ChatGPT facilita la comprensión del contexto, permite la evaluación de alternativas y mejora la toma de decisiones, evidenciando un impacto positivo en el desarrollo cognitivo. Asimismo, se concluye que, aunque no se determinó el nivel exacto de impacto, este chatbot representa una herramienta poderosa si se aplica con fines pedagógicos claros y bajo supervisión docente. Por último, se recomienda integrar esta tecnología digital dentro de marcos éticos y formativos que fomenten buenas prácticas en la educación superior latinoamericana.
ABSTRACT
THE IMPACT OF THE USE OF CHATGPT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING IN COLLEGE STUDENTS: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
The present research work is about the impact of the use of ChatGPT on the development of critical thinking in students of the Program of Strategic, Social and Solidarity Artificial Intelligence (PIAESS) of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico. The central objective of this study is to understand how this digital tool affects the components of critical thinking. For this purpose, a sample of 150 questionnaires was administered to students participating in the program. These questionnaires were then subjected to the principal components statistical technique, a method of data analysis that seeks to identify patterns across multiple variables. This approach was employed to examine six distinct dimensions of the program. The findings indicate that the utilization of ChatGPT facilitates the comprehension of the context, enables the assessment of alternatives, and enhances decision-making processes, thereby demonstrating a favorable impact on cognitive development. Consequently, while the precise magnitude of its impact remains to be ascertained, it is posited that the implementation of this chatbot, when guided by explicit pedagogical objectives and under the oversight of a qualified educator, holds considerable potential. Finally, it is recommended that this digital technology be integrated within ethical and formative frameworks that promote good practice in Latin American higher education.
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