Seis décadas de solidaridad Sur-Sur: una evaluación contemporánea de las relaciones entre India y Venezuela (1959-2025)
Resumen
Desde 1959, India y Venezuela han mantenido estrechas relaciones diplomáticas basadas en solidaridad poscolonial y una visión común de un orden mundial multipolar. Su cooperación Sur-Sur, históricamente centrada en hidrocarburos y diálogo político, enfrenta un nuevo escenario por las sanciones y la transición energética. Este artículo analiza su evolución y sostiene que plataformas como el BRICS+ y la Alianza Solar Internacional ofrecen oportunidades para diversificar la cooperación, explorando el potencial de los minerales críticos, medicamentos asequibles y la infraestructura pública digital. Se propone una hoja de ruta pragmática hacia una asociación revitalizada que aproveche las fortalezas complementarias de ambas naciones.
Recibido: 28.11.25 / Evaluado: 1.12.25 / Aprobado: 15.12.25
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| DOI: https://doi.org/10.53766/HumSur |
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